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Zhoushan
KNOWLEDGE OF Zhoushan
Zhoushan (Simplified Chinese: 舟山; Hanyu Pinyin: ZhÅ?ushÄ?n), formerly transliterated as Chusan, is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. The only prefecture-level city consisting solely of islands, it lies across the mouth of the Yangtze River, and is separated from the mainland by a narrow body of water.
The archipelago was inhabited 6,000 years ago during the Neolithic by people of the Hemudu culture. It was called Yongdong (涌东), referring to its location east of the Yong River, and belonged to the State of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period.
In 863, the Japanese Buddhist monks Hui'e (慧锷) and Zhang-shi (å¼ æ°?) of Putuoshan, Zhoushan placed a statue of Guanyin at Chaoying Cave (潮音洞) that would later become popular tourist destination.
Zhoushan was occupied by the Japanese during the Ming dynasty, and served as an important commercial entrepôt.
It was taken by the British forces in 1840 and 1841 during the First Opium War, and retained till 1846 as a guarantee for the fulfilment of the stipulations of the Treaty of Nanjing (1842). It was also occupied by the British in 1860 (Second Opium War).
In February 13, 1862, Wang Yijun (王义钧) of the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping attempted overtake Zhoushan from Qing forces, but died in the unsuccessful attempt.
Sun Yat-sen visited Zhoushan on August 25, 1916 and wrote Travelling to Putuo (游普陀志奇 You Putuo Zhiqi).
On October 1, 1942, the Japanese Lisbon Maru (里斯本丸) transported 1,800 POW back to Tokyo, but Lisbon Maru sank after being hit by a torpedo near Qingbing Island (�浜). 384 of the British POW overboard were rescued by the fishermen of Dongji Township (东�乡) nearby.
It was made Wengshan District (�山县) of Ming Prefecture (明洲) in 738 (Tang). In 1073 (Song), it was renamed Changguo (昌国县). It was upgraded to a prefecture (昌国州) in early Yuan Dynasty, and changed to Dinghai District (定海县) of Zhejiang Province in 1688 (Qing). It was upgraded to a direct-control subprefecture (定海直隶厅) in 1841, but reverted to a county after the end of empire.
Under the Republic of China's rule, Dinghai County was, as during always in the Qing Dynasty, part of Zhejiang Province. However, Shengsi was separated into an Archipelago Direct-control District (列岛直属区) of Jiangsu Province in 1946, and made a county in October 1949. In that same year, the last year under rule of the Republic, the remaining Dinghai County was divided into Dinghai and Wengzhou (�洲) Counties.
Zhoushan came to be under communist control on May 17, 1950, and Wengzhou was merged back into Dinghai County, which was then under Ningpo Zhuanqu (�波专区). Shengsi was made a tequ (特区) of Songjiang Zhuanqu (�江专区), still of Jiangsu this year, and upgraded to a county the following year.
In March 1953, the Council of Ministers approved to divide Dinghai County into the counties of Dinghai, Putuo, and Daishan. In addition, Shengsi County was returned to Zhejiang, to be administered, with the three former Dinghai counties, as Zhoushan Zhuanqu of Zhejiang.
Xiangshan County (象山) of Ningpo Zhuanqu was briefly incorporated into Zhoushan from 1954 to 1958.
The archipelago was inhabited 6,000 years ago during the Neolithic by people of the Hemudu culture. It was called Yongdong (涌东), referring to its location east of the Yong River, and belonged to the State of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period.
In 863, the Japanese Buddhist monks Hui'e (慧锷) and Zhang-shi (å¼ æ°?) of Putuoshan, Zhoushan placed a statue of Guanyin at Chaoying Cave (潮音洞) that would later become popular tourist destination.
Zhoushan was occupied by the Japanese during the Ming dynasty, and served as an important commercial entrepôt.
It was taken by the British forces in 1840 and 1841 during the First Opium War, and retained till 1846 as a guarantee for the fulfilment of the stipulations of the Treaty of Nanjing (1842). It was also occupied by the British in 1860 (Second Opium War).
In February 13, 1862, Wang Yijun (王义钧) of the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping attempted overtake Zhoushan from Qing forces, but died in the unsuccessful attempt.
Sun Yat-sen visited Zhoushan on August 25, 1916 and wrote Travelling to Putuo (游普陀志奇 You Putuo Zhiqi).
On October 1, 1942, the Japanese Lisbon Maru (里斯本丸) transported 1,800 POW back to Tokyo, but Lisbon Maru sank after being hit by a torpedo near Qingbing Island (�浜). 384 of the British POW overboard were rescued by the fishermen of Dongji Township (东�乡) nearby.
It was made Wengshan District (�山县) of Ming Prefecture (明洲) in 738 (Tang). In 1073 (Song), it was renamed Changguo (昌国县). It was upgraded to a prefecture (昌国州) in early Yuan Dynasty, and changed to Dinghai District (定海县) of Zhejiang Province in 1688 (Qing). It was upgraded to a direct-control subprefecture (定海直隶厅) in 1841, but reverted to a county after the end of empire.
Under the Republic of China's rule, Dinghai County was, as during always in the Qing Dynasty, part of Zhejiang Province. However, Shengsi was separated into an Archipelago Direct-control District (列岛直属区) of Jiangsu Province in 1946, and made a county in October 1949. In that same year, the last year under rule of the Republic, the remaining Dinghai County was divided into Dinghai and Wengzhou (�洲) Counties.
Zhoushan came to be under communist control on May 17, 1950, and Wengzhou was merged back into Dinghai County, which was then under Ningpo Zhuanqu (�波专区). Shengsi was made a tequ (特区) of Songjiang Zhuanqu (�江专区), still of Jiangsu this year, and upgraded to a county the following year.
In March 1953, the Council of Ministers approved to divide Dinghai County into the counties of Dinghai, Putuo, and Daishan. In addition, Shengsi County was returned to Zhejiang, to be administered, with the three former Dinghai counties, as Zhoushan Zhuanqu of Zhejiang.
Xiangshan County (象山) of Ningpo Zhuanqu was briefly incorporated into Zhoushan from 1954 to 1958.
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