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São José dos Campos
KNOWLEDGE OF São José dos Campos
The territory of São José was initially occupied by a cattle farm, created through a concession of settlements around 1590 after a request of Jesuits. This farm was located on the banks of the Rio Comprido, the natural division between São José and the city of Jacareí today.
The farm was actually an artifice used by the Jesuits to hide a religious mission from the Portuguese expedition leaders, the Bandeirantes, who were native hunters.
On September 10th 1611, a law, which regulated the settlement of Native communities by the Jesuits, recognized the farm as a mission, which upset the farmers, because it precluded them from utilizing the Natives as slaves, which was the usual practice in the region. A conflict between them led to the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1640 from the region and the consequent extinction of the mission and the dispersion of the inhabitants.
However, after few years, the Jesuits returned and reestablished a new settlement, where the city center is now located. It was about 15 km northeast of the previous mission . There was a privileged view from the higher new place above a geological depression, guaranteeing greater security against invasions and protecting it from flooding as well. Again, despite being a new mission, it was officially treated as a cattle farm.
The initial urban organization of this future village is attributed to the Jesuit priest Manoel de Leão, whose main occupation was really to be an administrator of the community.
In 1692, the settlement was named Residência do Paraíba do Sul and in 1696 the official name was Residência de São José.
At the beginning of the gold mining economic cycle in Brazil, the settlement goes through serious difficulties due to the exit of labor to the mines.
After the expulsion of the Jesuits from Brazil in 1759, all the religious order's assets, such as farms, colleges and villages were taken under the Portuguese Crown's custody. The governor, D. Luis Antonio Botelho Mourão, had as a priority to turn these new properties into productive units. For that, Boutelho Mourão successfully requested authorization from the Viceroy to create parishes and small towns.
Then, on July 27th 1767, the community reached the official status of village, and the name Vila de São José do Paraíba was formalized. But for many years it maintained the same rural characteristics. The main difficulty was the fact that the Estrada Real (Royal Road) passed by its limits, far from the village.
The farm was actually an artifice used by the Jesuits to hide a religious mission from the Portuguese expedition leaders, the Bandeirantes, who were native hunters.
On September 10th 1611, a law, which regulated the settlement of Native communities by the Jesuits, recognized the farm as a mission, which upset the farmers, because it precluded them from utilizing the Natives as slaves, which was the usual practice in the region. A conflict between them led to the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1640 from the region and the consequent extinction of the mission and the dispersion of the inhabitants.
However, after few years, the Jesuits returned and reestablished a new settlement, where the city center is now located. It was about 15 km northeast of the previous mission . There was a privileged view from the higher new place above a geological depression, guaranteeing greater security against invasions and protecting it from flooding as well. Again, despite being a new mission, it was officially treated as a cattle farm.
The initial urban organization of this future village is attributed to the Jesuit priest Manoel de Leão, whose main occupation was really to be an administrator of the community.
In 1692, the settlement was named Residência do Paraíba do Sul and in 1696 the official name was Residência de São José.
At the beginning of the gold mining economic cycle in Brazil, the settlement goes through serious difficulties due to the exit of labor to the mines.
After the expulsion of the Jesuits from Brazil in 1759, all the religious order's assets, such as farms, colleges and villages were taken under the Portuguese Crown's custody. The governor, D. Luis Antonio Botelho Mourão, had as a priority to turn these new properties into productive units. For that, Boutelho Mourão successfully requested authorization from the Viceroy to create parishes and small towns.
Then, on July 27th 1767, the community reached the official status of village, and the name Vila de São José do Paraíba was formalized. But for many years it maintained the same rural characteristics. The main difficulty was the fact that the Estrada Real (Royal Road) passed by its limits, far from the village.
Chapi