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Salzburg
KNOWLEDGE OF Salzburg
The city's beginnings
The city of Salzburg, the capital of the province of the same name, defines Austria's culture, fine arts and history like no other. Findings in the surroundings of the Hallein district have led archaeologists to believe that there were settlements here in the Palaeolithic age. The territory today known as Salzburg was settled after the Neolithic period, and following the rise of the Roman Empire in 15 BC, the former cave settlements on the left bank of the River were replaced by a city known as Salzach. The buildings in the area were named 'Ivavo': the Celtic version of 'Ivavum'. Records show that a Christian community and a monastery came into being after the Roman administration began to falter, but members of the Celtic-Roman population remained on the fortified Nonnenberg Terrace until the early Middle Ages.
A Bishopric
In 700, Duke Theodor of Bavaria granted the remains of the old Roman settlement to Bishop Rupert of Worms. The monastery of Saint Rupert and the Women's Convent on the Nonnberg (the oldest order north of the Alps) were both founded in this period.
The German name 'Salzburg' was first mentioned in 755. Sixteen years earlier (739) Salzburg had become a diocese and in 798 Pope Leo raised its status by making it an archdiocese of Bavaria. Bishop Virgil, who originally came to Austria from Ireland and lived here at the end of the 8th century, was an important figure as far as Salzburg's cultural development is concerned. Emperor Otto III granted the city the right to hold market in 966, an important year. Salzburg is the oldest town in the territory we now know as Austria, although it must be said that Vienna and Enns have older town charters.
In 1077 Archbishop Gebhard built the Hohensalzburg fortress. It was soon destroyed but a clergyman, Arch-Bishop Konrad I. (1105-47), was responsible for rebuilding what is one of Salzburg's most famous landmarks. In April 1167, Salzburg again witnessed turbulent times, for it was completely destroyed by fire whilst at war with Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa). The town wall, still visible today, was built in 1121 and between 1465 and 1480 another one was added on the right banks of the river. The oldest town privileges are dated 1287. In the 15th century, many members of the affluent bourgeoisie commissioned artists and architects, and the town's landscape again evolved.
The city of Salzburg, the capital of the province of the same name, defines Austria's culture, fine arts and history like no other. Findings in the surroundings of the Hallein district have led archaeologists to believe that there were settlements here in the Palaeolithic age. The territory today known as Salzburg was settled after the Neolithic period, and following the rise of the Roman Empire in 15 BC, the former cave settlements on the left bank of the River were replaced by a city known as Salzach. The buildings in the area were named 'Ivavo': the Celtic version of 'Ivavum'. Records show that a Christian community and a monastery came into being after the Roman administration began to falter, but members of the Celtic-Roman population remained on the fortified Nonnenberg Terrace until the early Middle Ages.
A Bishopric
In 700, Duke Theodor of Bavaria granted the remains of the old Roman settlement to Bishop Rupert of Worms. The monastery of Saint Rupert and the Women's Convent on the Nonnberg (the oldest order north of the Alps) were both founded in this period.
The German name 'Salzburg' was first mentioned in 755. Sixteen years earlier (739) Salzburg had become a diocese and in 798 Pope Leo raised its status by making it an archdiocese of Bavaria. Bishop Virgil, who originally came to Austria from Ireland and lived here at the end of the 8th century, was an important figure as far as Salzburg's cultural development is concerned. Emperor Otto III granted the city the right to hold market in 966, an important year. Salzburg is the oldest town in the territory we now know as Austria, although it must be said that Vienna and Enns have older town charters.
In 1077 Archbishop Gebhard built the Hohensalzburg fortress. It was soon destroyed but a clergyman, Arch-Bishop Konrad I. (1105-47), was responsible for rebuilding what is one of Salzburg's most famous landmarks. In April 1167, Salzburg again witnessed turbulent times, for it was completely destroyed by fire whilst at war with Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa). The town wall, still visible today, was built in 1121 and between 1465 and 1480 another one was added on the right banks of the river. The oldest town privileges are dated 1287. In the 15th century, many members of the affluent bourgeoisie commissioned artists and architects, and the town's landscape again evolved.
Chapi