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Rosario
KNOWLEDGE OF Rosario
Rosario is the largest city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, and the third most populous in the country, after Córdoba and Buenos Aires. It is located 310 km northwest of Buenos Aires, on the Western shore of the Paraná River.
Rosario is the head town of the Rosario Department and forms the core of Argentina's "Industrial Corridor". Its suburbia and several neighboring towns form nearly an urban continuum, the Greater Rosario, with 1,121,441 inhabitants according to the 2001 census [INDEC], making it the third-largest conurbation in the country.
Along with Paraná, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to a particular individual as its founder. The city's patron is the Virgen del Rosario (feast day October 7).
The city is a major railroad terminal and the shipping center for northeastern Argentina. Ocean steamers reach the city via the Paraná River, which allows the existence of a 32-feet deep port. The Port of Rosario is subject to silting and must be dredged periodically (the river is soon to be further dredged up to a depth of 34 feet). Exports include wheat, flour, hay, linseed and other vegetable oils, corn, sugar, lumber, meats, hides, and wool. Manufactures include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs. A bridge running over the Paraná River to connect Rosario with the city of Victoria was opened in 2003.
The permanent settlement of today's Rosario area began of the 17th century. There was no clear foundation date. The first landowner was Captain Luis Romero de Pineda, and the first formal colonial settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who was appointed Mayor in 1751.
On February 27, 1812, General Manuel Belgrano raised the newly created Argentine flag on the shores of the Paraná, for the first time.
Until the 1850s Rosario was a small village of 3,000 inhabitants, with its port banned from foreign trade by a 1841 decree of Juan Manuel de Rosas. On 5 August 1852 Rosario was declared a city after a request by Justo José de Urquiza, who also opened up international trade. By 1880, Rosario had become the first export outlet of Argentina; in 1887 it had about 50,000 inhabitants. It was even declared the federal capital in three occasions, but each time it was vetoed by the Executive Branch.
In the last 15 years of the century, the city more than doubled in population, in part owing to immigration. Demographic growth took its toll of bad living conditions, epidemics and labour exploitation. By 1926 Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many brought from Europe in the wake of World War I.
In 1946 Rosario massively supported Juan Perón's rise to power. The city received the benefits of the nationalization and subsidizing of many industries. Perón fell in 1955. In 1969 workers and students took the streets to protest against the dictatorship (Rosariazo). During the dictatorship started in 1976, hundreds of citizens were "disappeared" by the government. The city hosted some matches of the Football World Cup 1978.
In 1983 Argentina returned to democratic rule. Hyperinflation caused an economic collapse of the country in 1989. In Rosario there were episodes of looting. Under the Menem administration the situation became worse as the industrial sector of the city was dismantled by foreign competition and the agricultural exports stagnated. In 1995 unemployment in the area reached 21.1%, and a large part of Rosario's population fell under the poverty line. Since then, many live in villas miseria (shantytowns).
Since the recovery of the national economy that followed the 2001 collapse, Rosario's economic situation has improved. The boom in agricultural exports has caused a large amount of consumer spending and investment. Mayor Miguel Lifschitz's administration is taking advantage of the economic boom to invest heavily in public works, as well as public health (which takes up about a quarter of the whole budget).
Rosario is the head town of the Rosario Department and forms the core of Argentina's "Industrial Corridor". Its suburbia and several neighboring towns form nearly an urban continuum, the Greater Rosario, with 1,121,441 inhabitants according to the 2001 census [INDEC], making it the third-largest conurbation in the country.
Along with Paraná, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to a particular individual as its founder. The city's patron is the Virgen del Rosario (feast day October 7).
The city is a major railroad terminal and the shipping center for northeastern Argentina. Ocean steamers reach the city via the Paraná River, which allows the existence of a 32-feet deep port. The Port of Rosario is subject to silting and must be dredged periodically (the river is soon to be further dredged up to a depth of 34 feet). Exports include wheat, flour, hay, linseed and other vegetable oils, corn, sugar, lumber, meats, hides, and wool. Manufactures include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs. A bridge running over the Paraná River to connect Rosario with the city of Victoria was opened in 2003.
The permanent settlement of today's Rosario area began of the 17th century. There was no clear foundation date. The first landowner was Captain Luis Romero de Pineda, and the first formal colonial settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who was appointed Mayor in 1751.
On February 27, 1812, General Manuel Belgrano raised the newly created Argentine flag on the shores of the Paraná, for the first time.
Until the 1850s Rosario was a small village of 3,000 inhabitants, with its port banned from foreign trade by a 1841 decree of Juan Manuel de Rosas. On 5 August 1852 Rosario was declared a city after a request by Justo José de Urquiza, who also opened up international trade. By 1880, Rosario had become the first export outlet of Argentina; in 1887 it had about 50,000 inhabitants. It was even declared the federal capital in three occasions, but each time it was vetoed by the Executive Branch.
In the last 15 years of the century, the city more than doubled in population, in part owing to immigration. Demographic growth took its toll of bad living conditions, epidemics and labour exploitation. By 1926 Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many brought from Europe in the wake of World War I.
In 1946 Rosario massively supported Juan Perón's rise to power. The city received the benefits of the nationalization and subsidizing of many industries. Perón fell in 1955. In 1969 workers and students took the streets to protest against the dictatorship (Rosariazo). During the dictatorship started in 1976, hundreds of citizens were "disappeared" by the government. The city hosted some matches of the Football World Cup 1978.
In 1983 Argentina returned to democratic rule. Hyperinflation caused an economic collapse of the country in 1989. In Rosario there were episodes of looting. Under the Menem administration the situation became worse as the industrial sector of the city was dismantled by foreign competition and the agricultural exports stagnated. In 1995 unemployment in the area reached 21.1%, and a large part of Rosario's population fell under the poverty line. Since then, many live in villas miseria (shantytowns).
Since the recovery of the national economy that followed the 2001 collapse, Rosario's economic situation has improved. The boom in agricultural exports has caused a large amount of consumer spending and investment. Mayor Miguel Lifschitz's administration is taking advantage of the economic boom to invest heavily in public works, as well as public health (which takes up about a quarter of the whole budget).
Chapi