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Pyongyang
KNOWLEDGE OF Pyongyang
Pyongyang (�양 / 平壤) is the capital city of North Korea, located in the bottom third (almost direct center) of the country, situated on the Taedong River. The official population of the city is not disclosed; given as 2,741,260 in 1993, it was reported as 2.5 and 3.8 million in 2002 and 2003 by Chosen Soren, a pro-North Korean organization. Pyongyang is located at 39°2' North, 125°45' East (39.0333, 125.75).
The city was split from the South P'yÅ?ngan province in 1946. It is administered as a Directly Governed City (Chikhalsi), on the same level as provincial governments, not a Special City (Teukbyeolsi) as Seoul is in South Korea. Some sources, mostly older and South Korean, refer to Pyongyang as a Special City, but it has been reported that even the South Korean government adopted the Directly Governed City terminology in 1994.
According to legend, the city was founded in 2333 BC as WanggÅ?msÅ?ng (왕검성; 王儉城). It became a major city under the Gojoseon.
Goguryeo moved its capital here in 427. The Tang dynasty and Silla allied and defeated Goguryeo in 668. In 676, it was taken by Silla but left in the border between Silla and Balhae until the Goryeo dynasty, when the city was revived as SÅ?gyÅ?ng (서경; 西京; "Western Capital") although never actually a capital of Goryeo. It was the provincial capital of the P'yÅ?ngan Province during the Joseon dynasty, becoming provincial capital of South P'yÅ?ngan Province from 1896 and through the period of Japanese rule.
In 1945, Japanese rule ended and it was occupied by Soviet forces, and became the temporary capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at its establishment in 1948 while it aimed to recapture its official capital at that time of Seoul. It was severely damaged in the Korean War, during which it was briefly occupied by South Korean forces. After the war, the city was quickly rebuilt with Soviet help, with many buildings built in Stalinist architecture.
One of its many historic names is RyugyÅ?ng (류경; 柳京), or "capital of willows", as willow trees have always been numerous throughout the city's history, and many poems written about these willows. Even today, Pyongyang has numerous willow trees planted everywhere, and many buildings and places are named with "RyugyÅ?ng", the most notable of all being its uncompleted Ryugyong Hotel. Its other historic names include KisÅ?ng, HwangsÅ?ng, Rangrang, SÅ?gyÅ?ng, SÅ?do, HogyÅ?ng, Changan, etc.
The capital has been completely rebuilt since the Korean War (1950–1953). It is designed with wide avenues, imposing monuments, and monolithic buildings. The tallest structure in the city is the uncompleted 1,082 foot (330 m) Ryugyong Hotel. This hotel has 105 floors, encloses 3.9 million square feet (360,000 m²) of floor space, and topped by seven rotating restaurants. However, construction has been stalled since the early 1990s. The building stands now as an empty shell.
Some notable landmarks in the city include the Arch of Triumph (a larger replica of Paris's Arc de Triomphe), the reputed birthplace of Kim Il Sung at Mangyongdae Hill, Juche Tower, and two of the world's largest stadiums (Kim Il Sung Stadium and Rungnado May Day Stadium). Pyongyang TV Tower is a minor landmark.
The city was split from the South P'yÅ?ngan province in 1946. It is administered as a Directly Governed City (Chikhalsi), on the same level as provincial governments, not a Special City (Teukbyeolsi) as Seoul is in South Korea. Some sources, mostly older and South Korean, refer to Pyongyang as a Special City, but it has been reported that even the South Korean government adopted the Directly Governed City terminology in 1994.
According to legend, the city was founded in 2333 BC as WanggÅ?msÅ?ng (왕검성; 王儉城). It became a major city under the Gojoseon.
Goguryeo moved its capital here in 427. The Tang dynasty and Silla allied and defeated Goguryeo in 668. In 676, it was taken by Silla but left in the border between Silla and Balhae until the Goryeo dynasty, when the city was revived as SÅ?gyÅ?ng (서경; 西京; "Western Capital") although never actually a capital of Goryeo. It was the provincial capital of the P'yÅ?ngan Province during the Joseon dynasty, becoming provincial capital of South P'yÅ?ngan Province from 1896 and through the period of Japanese rule.
In 1945, Japanese rule ended and it was occupied by Soviet forces, and became the temporary capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at its establishment in 1948 while it aimed to recapture its official capital at that time of Seoul. It was severely damaged in the Korean War, during which it was briefly occupied by South Korean forces. After the war, the city was quickly rebuilt with Soviet help, with many buildings built in Stalinist architecture.
One of its many historic names is RyugyÅ?ng (류경; 柳京), or "capital of willows", as willow trees have always been numerous throughout the city's history, and many poems written about these willows. Even today, Pyongyang has numerous willow trees planted everywhere, and many buildings and places are named with "RyugyÅ?ng", the most notable of all being its uncompleted Ryugyong Hotel. Its other historic names include KisÅ?ng, HwangsÅ?ng, Rangrang, SÅ?gyÅ?ng, SÅ?do, HogyÅ?ng, Changan, etc.
The capital has been completely rebuilt since the Korean War (1950–1953). It is designed with wide avenues, imposing monuments, and monolithic buildings. The tallest structure in the city is the uncompleted 1,082 foot (330 m) Ryugyong Hotel. This hotel has 105 floors, encloses 3.9 million square feet (360,000 m²) of floor space, and topped by seven rotating restaurants. However, construction has been stalled since the early 1990s. The building stands now as an empty shell.
Some notable landmarks in the city include the Arch of Triumph (a larger replica of Paris's Arc de Triomphe), the reputed birthplace of Kim Il Sung at Mangyongdae Hill, Juche Tower, and two of the world's largest stadiums (Kim Il Sung Stadium and Rungnado May Day Stadium). Pyongyang TV Tower is a minor landmark.
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