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Praga
KNOWLEDGE OF Praga
Prague (Czech: Praha, see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated on the Vltava river in central Bohemia, it is home to approximately 1.2 million people. (It can be derived from jobs statistics, however, that an additional 300,000 work there without having registered as residents.) Prague is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
Nicknames for Prague have included "city of a hundred spires", "the golden city", "the Left Bank of the Nineties", the "mother of cities", and "the heart of Europe". Since 1992, the historic center of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The area on which Prague was founded has been settled in since the Paleolithic Age. Around 200 BCE the Celts had a settlement in the south called Závist, but later they were expelled by Germans. The Slavs conquered the site from the 4th century CE onwards, though for a period they were subdued by the Mongolian Avars.
According to legend, Prague was founded by the Princess LibuÅ¡e and her husband, PÅ™emysl, founder of the dynasty with the same name. Whether this legend is true or not, Prague's first nucleum was founded in the latter part of the 9th century as a castle on a hill commanding the right bank of the Vltava: this is known as VyÅ¡ehrad ("high castle") to differentiate from the castle which was later erected on the opposite bank, the future HradÄ?any. Soon the city became the seat of the Kings of Bohemia, some of whom also later reigned as emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. It was an important seat for trading where merchants coming from all Europe settled, including many Jews, as recalled by the Jewish merchant and traveler Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub in 965. The city became a bishopric in 973.
King Wladislas II had the first bridge on the Vltava - the Judith Bridge - built in 1170, though it crumbled down in 1342. The Charles Bridge was later built on its foundations.
In 1257, under King Otakar II, Malá Strana ("Small Quarter") was founded in Prague in the future HradÄ?any area as the district of the German people. These had the right to administrate the law in an autonomous way, referring to the Magdeburg's legislation. The new district was on the opposite bank to the Staré Mesto ("Old Town"), which had then a borough status and was defended by a line of walls on fortifications.
The city flourished during the 14th century reign of Charles IV, of the new Luxembourg dynasty. He ordered the building of the New Town (Nové Mesto) adjacent to the Old Town. The Charles Bridge was erected to connect the new district to Malá Strana. Monuments by Charles include also Saint Vitus Cathedral, the oldest gothic cathedral in central Europe inside the Castle, and the Charles University. The latter is the oldest university in central Europe. Prague was then the third-largest city in Europe. Under Charles Prague was the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, and its rank was elevated to that of archbishopric. It had also a mint and German and Italian merchants, as well as bankers, were present in the city. The social order, however, became more turbulent due to the rising power of the craftsmen's guild, themselves often torn by internal fights, and the presence of increasing number of poor people.
Nicknames for Prague have included "city of a hundred spires", "the golden city", "the Left Bank of the Nineties", the "mother of cities", and "the heart of Europe". Since 1992, the historic center of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The area on which Prague was founded has been settled in since the Paleolithic Age. Around 200 BCE the Celts had a settlement in the south called Závist, but later they were expelled by Germans. The Slavs conquered the site from the 4th century CE onwards, though for a period they were subdued by the Mongolian Avars.
According to legend, Prague was founded by the Princess LibuÅ¡e and her husband, PÅ™emysl, founder of the dynasty with the same name. Whether this legend is true or not, Prague's first nucleum was founded in the latter part of the 9th century as a castle on a hill commanding the right bank of the Vltava: this is known as VyÅ¡ehrad ("high castle") to differentiate from the castle which was later erected on the opposite bank, the future HradÄ?any. Soon the city became the seat of the Kings of Bohemia, some of whom also later reigned as emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. It was an important seat for trading where merchants coming from all Europe settled, including many Jews, as recalled by the Jewish merchant and traveler Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub in 965. The city became a bishopric in 973.
King Wladislas II had the first bridge on the Vltava - the Judith Bridge - built in 1170, though it crumbled down in 1342. The Charles Bridge was later built on its foundations.
In 1257, under King Otakar II, Malá Strana ("Small Quarter") was founded in Prague in the future HradÄ?any area as the district of the German people. These had the right to administrate the law in an autonomous way, referring to the Magdeburg's legislation. The new district was on the opposite bank to the Staré Mesto ("Old Town"), which had then a borough status and was defended by a line of walls on fortifications.
The city flourished during the 14th century reign of Charles IV, of the new Luxembourg dynasty. He ordered the building of the New Town (Nové Mesto) adjacent to the Old Town. The Charles Bridge was erected to connect the new district to Malá Strana. Monuments by Charles include also Saint Vitus Cathedral, the oldest gothic cathedral in central Europe inside the Castle, and the Charles University. The latter is the oldest university in central Europe. Prague was then the third-largest city in Europe. Under Charles Prague was the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, and its rank was elevated to that of archbishopric. It had also a mint and German and Italian merchants, as well as bankers, were present in the city. The social order, however, became more turbulent due to the rising power of the craftsmen's guild, themselves often torn by internal fights, and the presence of increasing number of poor people.
Anthony