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Pozega
KNOWLEDGE OF Pozega
Požega (Hungarian Pozsega) is a town in Croatia; elevation 152 m, population 28,948 (2001). It is located in the south-western part of the Valley of Požega (Požeška kotlina) in central Slavonia. It is the center of the Požega-Slavonia county.
Požega is located on the main road (M1.6) Nova Gradiška — Požega — Našice and the railroad Nova Kapela/Batrina — Požega.
First historical mentions of the city of Požega are found in Gesta Hungarorum by an anonymous notary of Bela III (1172-1196) where he reports conquest of three fortifications in Slavonia - as the area between rivers Danube and Sutla was called then: Zagreb, Vlco (Vukovar) and Posega. The fortress of Požega, an elongated hexagonal fortification located on a hill in the present-day city center, was probably built during the 11th century, although the first documents clearly mentioning Požega county dates from 1210, while the city of Požega was documented for the first time in a charter of Andrew II on January 11, 1227.
Požega was originally residential estate of croatian-hungarian queen and was exempt from the authority of viceroy and the county. Although no such charter survives, the privileges that citizens enjoyed fully correspond to a free royal city.
The fortress that no longer exists and iregularly shaped central city square are romanic in nature. One other remaining monument from that age is St.Lawrence's church (first mention in 1303).
By the late 14th century, the city starts to decline economically because of the insecurity from Ottoman raids. In the 15th century, city walls were built, replacing a moat that existed before. This proved insufficient defense as the Turks siezed Požega in 1537.
During the 150 year long Ottoman rule, Požega was seat of a sanjak and given certain prominence. After a considerable economic decline, in 1537, at the time of the Ottoman conquest, Požega reportedly had 110 houses and 15 businesses. However, by 1579, there were 160 craftsmen in Požega as a result of more security and increase in population.
The death of the Požega sanjak bey in the Battle of Sisak in 1593, marked the first Ottoman defeat in Europe, and after years of steady decline, Ottoman rule grew weaker until the Požega was finally liberated on 12th of March 1688 by citizens led by friar Luka Ibrišimović. This day is now celebrated as the day of the city.
After the liberation, Požega comes under Habsburg rule, and in 1745, Požega county was restored and the city thus returns to the authority of Croatian viceroy. Požega undergoes a period of vigorous development: In 1699, a grammar school opens - only fifth in Croatia. In 1727, Jesuits have built a theater, and in 1740, the first city pharmacy. There was also a philosophical college for Franciscan novices - the first such institution in Slavonia since the Ottoman rule. Finally, Academia Posegana opened in 1760, making Požega, along with Zagreb, first Croatian center of highest education.
In 1765, empress Maria Theresa grants Požega free royal city charter, and supports building of present-day Cathedral of St.Teresa of �vila.
In 1847, Požega was the first city in Croatia to introduce Croatian language in official use, and achievements of its notable citizens earn it nickname of "Slavonian Athens"
Požega is located on the main road (M1.6) Nova Gradiška — Požega — Našice and the railroad Nova Kapela/Batrina — Požega.
First historical mentions of the city of Požega are found in Gesta Hungarorum by an anonymous notary of Bela III (1172-1196) where he reports conquest of three fortifications in Slavonia - as the area between rivers Danube and Sutla was called then: Zagreb, Vlco (Vukovar) and Posega. The fortress of Požega, an elongated hexagonal fortification located on a hill in the present-day city center, was probably built during the 11th century, although the first documents clearly mentioning Požega county dates from 1210, while the city of Požega was documented for the first time in a charter of Andrew II on January 11, 1227.
Požega was originally residential estate of croatian-hungarian queen and was exempt from the authority of viceroy and the county. Although no such charter survives, the privileges that citizens enjoyed fully correspond to a free royal city.
The fortress that no longer exists and iregularly shaped central city square are romanic in nature. One other remaining monument from that age is St.Lawrence's church (first mention in 1303).
By the late 14th century, the city starts to decline economically because of the insecurity from Ottoman raids. In the 15th century, city walls were built, replacing a moat that existed before. This proved insufficient defense as the Turks siezed Požega in 1537.
During the 150 year long Ottoman rule, Požega was seat of a sanjak and given certain prominence. After a considerable economic decline, in 1537, at the time of the Ottoman conquest, Požega reportedly had 110 houses and 15 businesses. However, by 1579, there were 160 craftsmen in Požega as a result of more security and increase in population.
The death of the Požega sanjak bey in the Battle of Sisak in 1593, marked the first Ottoman defeat in Europe, and after years of steady decline, Ottoman rule grew weaker until the Požega was finally liberated on 12th of March 1688 by citizens led by friar Luka Ibrišimović. This day is now celebrated as the day of the city.
After the liberation, Požega comes under Habsburg rule, and in 1745, Požega county was restored and the city thus returns to the authority of Croatian viceroy. Požega undergoes a period of vigorous development: In 1699, a grammar school opens - only fifth in Croatia. In 1727, Jesuits have built a theater, and in 1740, the first city pharmacy. There was also a philosophical college for Franciscan novices - the first such institution in Slavonia since the Ottoman rule. Finally, Academia Posegana opened in 1760, making Požega, along with Zagreb, first Croatian center of highest education.
In 1765, empress Maria Theresa grants Požega free royal city charter, and supports building of present-day Cathedral of St.Teresa of �vila.
In 1847, Požega was the first city in Croatia to introduce Croatian language in official use, and achievements of its notable citizens earn it nickname of "Slavonian Athens"
Katherine