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Lübeck
KNOWLEDGE OF Lübeck
It took three attempts to build the city of Lübeck, attempts which have lasted until today. The first settlement was called Liubice which means the beautiful, the lovely. It was situated on a tongue of land near the place where the river Schwartau meets the river Trave. But the sovereigns or king´s headquarters were easy prey for attackers, and so the settlement was destroyed in 1138.
Earl Adolf III. von Schauenburg founded a new Lübeck on the hill which is almost entirely surrounded by the Trave and the river Wakenitz in a part of today´s Old Town. He recognised that it was an ideal location for trading with the north and the east. But arguments with Duke Henry the Lion, the feudal lord, and the fire of 1157 but his plans to an end.
In 1159, Henry the Lion founded Lübeck for a third time, and this time it was meant to last. From now on, the city was built with red fireproof bricks. Seven naves soon showed the flourishing city´s wealth. The bishop´s church - the Cathedral, the Merchants' church St. Marys, St. Peter´s, St. Aegidien's in the craftsmen´s district and St. Jacob´s, the seafarers' church. The cityscape was characterised by an accurate building plan with side streets and alleys diverting from the main roads towards the rivers - some of which are called Gruben ("pits") and the uniform building material. The old Lübeck townhouse, a gabled house dating from the late 13th century, had a large, spacious hall and an office to serve trading purposes. Many of these houses standing close together lined the roads and alleys.
Due to the access available to the Baltic Sea, trade developed rapidly, just as had been expected. Merchant ships left the harbour with a load of salt, wine or fabrics, or arrived here with furs, ore, fish or other raw materials.
Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa granted the city more privileges in 1188, after Henry the Lion had fallen out of favour. Barbarossa gave the city the right of shipping and fishing, confirmed its landed property and contributed to Lübecks wealth by bestowing further privileges upon the city, such as the mint and the status as a city to be administered as a district in its own right (in 1226). Lübeck kept this status for 711 years.
The Danish King Waldemar II., who occupied the city since 1201, was the only one to stop Lübeck from rising even faster. But in the battle of Bornhöved in 1227, Lübeck won victory against the Danes, and there was no further obstruction to the trading monopoly.
From 1250, Lübeck protected its people with a wall which had four gates: Holstentor, Burgtor, Mühlentor and Hüxtertor. The Holstentor and the Burgtor can still be seen today.
Earl Adolf III. von Schauenburg founded a new Lübeck on the hill which is almost entirely surrounded by the Trave and the river Wakenitz in a part of today´s Old Town. He recognised that it was an ideal location for trading with the north and the east. But arguments with Duke Henry the Lion, the feudal lord, and the fire of 1157 but his plans to an end.
In 1159, Henry the Lion founded Lübeck for a third time, and this time it was meant to last. From now on, the city was built with red fireproof bricks. Seven naves soon showed the flourishing city´s wealth. The bishop´s church - the Cathedral, the Merchants' church St. Marys, St. Peter´s, St. Aegidien's in the craftsmen´s district and St. Jacob´s, the seafarers' church. The cityscape was characterised by an accurate building plan with side streets and alleys diverting from the main roads towards the rivers - some of which are called Gruben ("pits") and the uniform building material. The old Lübeck townhouse, a gabled house dating from the late 13th century, had a large, spacious hall and an office to serve trading purposes. Many of these houses standing close together lined the roads and alleys.
Due to the access available to the Baltic Sea, trade developed rapidly, just as had been expected. Merchant ships left the harbour with a load of salt, wine or fabrics, or arrived here with furs, ore, fish or other raw materials.
Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa granted the city more privileges in 1188, after Henry the Lion had fallen out of favour. Barbarossa gave the city the right of shipping and fishing, confirmed its landed property and contributed to Lübecks wealth by bestowing further privileges upon the city, such as the mint and the status as a city to be administered as a district in its own right (in 1226). Lübeck kept this status for 711 years.
The Danish King Waldemar II., who occupied the city since 1201, was the only one to stop Lübeck from rising even faster. But in the battle of Bornhöved in 1227, Lübeck won victory against the Danes, and there was no further obstruction to the trading monopoly.
From 1250, Lübeck protected its people with a wall which had four gates: Holstentor, Burgtor, Mühlentor and Hüxtertor. The Holstentor and the Burgtor can still be seen today.
Chapi