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Kilkenny
KNOWLEDGE OF Kilkenny
Origins
The name for Kilkenny derives from the Irish "Cill Chainnigh," meaning the Church of Cainneach, a site of Catholic worship that was first established by St. Canice in the sixth century. St. Canice was a learned monk who founded a monastery at Aghavoe, and which later became the seat of the diocese of Ossory around the year 1052. Ossory was an ancient kingdom of Ireland that held a semi-independent position as a state within the kingdom of Leinster. In the ninth century, the kingdom was ruled by King Cerball, who allied himself with the Norse invaders and was an ancestor of some the important historical families in Iceland.
The Norman Invasion
The Normans arrived in Kilkenny in 1170, under the leadership of William the Earl Marshall. In 1208, a charter was created to attract settlers and trade to the region. Some of Kilkenny's most notable attractions were built during Marshall's leadership, including the Black Abbey, St. John's Cathedral and the spectacular Kilkenny Castle, which was constructed in 1260 on the site of the county's first Norman church. During this period, the city of Kilkenny had two townships divided by the river Nore: Irishtown, which had its charter from the bishops of Ossory; and Englishtown, which was under Norman control. From 1295 to 1365 some twelve parliaments sat in Kilkenny, providing the legislation and administrative structure for the city. The Anglo-Norman parliament also began to pass severe laws seeking to discourage English settlers from adopting Irish customs. In 1336, the infamous Statute of Kilkenny was founded, which forbade the Anglo-Irish population to integrate, inter-marry or speak the Gaelic language. The statute was rigorously enforced, but it failed in its aim of preventing Anglo-Norman landowners from adopting aspects of Gaelic culture.
In 1541, Henry VIII became the first monarch to declare himself king (as opposed to feudal lord) of Ireland. Gaelic rebellion throughout the 16th century intensified, not least because the Catholic bishops in Kilkenny began to find their position increasingly under threat.
The name for Kilkenny derives from the Irish "Cill Chainnigh," meaning the Church of Cainneach, a site of Catholic worship that was first established by St. Canice in the sixth century. St. Canice was a learned monk who founded a monastery at Aghavoe, and which later became the seat of the diocese of Ossory around the year 1052. Ossory was an ancient kingdom of Ireland that held a semi-independent position as a state within the kingdom of Leinster. In the ninth century, the kingdom was ruled by King Cerball, who allied himself with the Norse invaders and was an ancestor of some the important historical families in Iceland.
The Norman Invasion
The Normans arrived in Kilkenny in 1170, under the leadership of William the Earl Marshall. In 1208, a charter was created to attract settlers and trade to the region. Some of Kilkenny's most notable attractions were built during Marshall's leadership, including the Black Abbey, St. John's Cathedral and the spectacular Kilkenny Castle, which was constructed in 1260 on the site of the county's first Norman church. During this period, the city of Kilkenny had two townships divided by the river Nore: Irishtown, which had its charter from the bishops of Ossory; and Englishtown, which was under Norman control. From 1295 to 1365 some twelve parliaments sat in Kilkenny, providing the legislation and administrative structure for the city. The Anglo-Norman parliament also began to pass severe laws seeking to discourage English settlers from adopting Irish customs. In 1336, the infamous Statute of Kilkenny was founded, which forbade the Anglo-Irish population to integrate, inter-marry or speak the Gaelic language. The statute was rigorously enforced, but it failed in its aim of preventing Anglo-Norman landowners from adopting aspects of Gaelic culture.
In 1541, Henry VIII became the first monarch to declare himself king (as opposed to feudal lord) of Ireland. Gaelic rebellion throughout the 16th century intensified, not least because the Catholic bishops in Kilkenny began to find their position increasingly under threat.
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