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Kavarna
KNOWLEDGE OF Kavarna
Kavarna (Bulgarian: Каварна) is a Black Sea coastal town in the Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. It lies 64 km from Varna and 49 km from Dobrich on the main road E79. The population is about 12 500 inhabitants. In the town there are a little yacht port, a fishing base, a spacious beach and a resort complex.
The lay of the land is flat. The picturesque seacoast of Kavarna is 42 km long. Along it there are small beaches. On Kavarna's seacoast is built an artificial beach. Gore Chirakman with its almost sheer slopes towers above the seacoast . On its flat plateau can be found remains from stronghold walls, moats, buildings, churches, necropolises, etc. The region is rich in mineral waters. The area around Kavarna offers splendid opportunities for developing ecotourism in all its forms and specialized tourism – examining and photographing plants, dolphins and different kinds of fish in the coastal waters. Bird lovers will be left with great impressions throughout the whole year. The great variety of birds attracts tourists from all parts of the world and contributes to Kaliakra and Jailata becoming one of the most preferred places in Bulgaria for developing of ornithological tourism.
Kavarna is attractive not only as a tourist center, but with its long history as a historical center too. Many archaeological expeditions take place and the finds from the underwater expeditions entice foreign scientists and experts too. For more than three years now in the region research has been conducted by scientists from France and Italy.
The town was founded in the fifth century BC by Greek colonials who settled on the Chirakman plateau in the colony called Byzone (or Bizone). During the third and second century BC the town played an important mediating role between the local settlements and the Greeks. Despite being unsuitable for wharfing because of its rocky coasts, the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast was an attractive center, due to the fact that the local people produced and traded with corn of high quality. During the second part of the first century BC the ancient town fell in the sea because of a disastrous earthquake. The frontal part of the Chirakman broke off and together with the richest citizens fell into the Black Sea's waters. During the Roman period the town was restored under the same name and quickly flourished, the settlement revived and the port brightened up. During the seventh century the Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians destroyed the town and founded the settlement of Karvuna. During the Middle Ages the town developed vastly becoming the center of the Principality of Karvuna that ruled all of Dobruja. During the 13th and 14th centuries, Karvuna reached its greatest blossoming under the rule of the Dobruja despots Balik and Dobrotitsa. The town came under sway of the expanding Ottoman Empire and was mentioned for the first time with its current name in the beginning of the 15th century. During the Ottoman invasions the town was almost destroyed, but during the second part of the 17th century it was rebuilt. The town was considered the economical and cultural center during the Ancient Times and the Middle Ages with rich and carious remains – stronghold walls, early-Christian basilica, medieval churches, and public buildings.
Here are found interesting works of art – coins from different historical epochs, golden adornments, golden Thracian treasure of applications, etc. During the fifteenth and nineteenth century the town becomes popular under the name Kavarna, as Christian settlement and port for grain. From that time remained a Turkish bath, a medieval necropolis, a bridge, fountains, Christian churches and many writings. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 Kavarna's inhabitants rebelled against the bashi-bazouks and Circassian hordes. After the liberation the town became part of Principality of Bulgaria. From the beginning of twentieth century Kavarna achieved a rapped progress as an economical and cultural center, interrupted in 1913 when the town went under Romanian rule. The Bulgarian population opposed to the assimilatory politics of the Romanian authorities by active civic activities of the church and library. In 1940 the town was ultimately taken back and belongs to Bulgaria.
The leader of the finished first part of the underwater archaeological expedition "Kavarna'2005" Asen Salkin announced that the Roman town of Bizone has sunk two times in the sea. For that evidence the located form skin-divers borders of à sunk residential district of the town of Bizone in the Kavarna's coast. For the presence of residential buildings the archaeologists judge by the found ashlars and parts of brick walls. The finds date from the II century AD. According to the leader of the expedition this residential district has nothing in common with the disastrous earthquake from the I century BC. The underwater finds evidence for other phenomenon, for which the scientists express only suppositions. It's about transgression and regression of the strata. It has started to transgress during the first century AD and this has continued to the second century. Maybe during this period the coast has risen by 4 meters and one day it has suddenly has fallen through and the coastal residential districts of Bizone landed under the water.
The Display Dobroudja and the Sea
The display is a small maritime museum. It is situated in an approximately restored Turkish bath – The Hamam. It is built in the beginning of the fifteenth century and represents a massive beehive bath from stone. It is situated it the beginning of the valley, leading to the port, and half a kilometer apart from the town center. Many stone anchors, amphorae and ceramics, found during the underwater archaeological expeditions, are exposed there. In the hall "Treasure-house" can be seen coins from different epochs, golden Thracian treasure, etc. The ancient and medieval color painting expend our concepts for the ancient navigation around the Dobroudja's coasts.
The Town Museum
It is found in the building of the local library. In its exposition are displayed materials, revealing the thousand-year old history of the town. Here are represented evidences for the life of the people, living in the region form ancient times until nowadays. A model of prehistoric cave-dwellings, many tools, guns, rifles and pistols from the liberation war as well as ethnographic materials – clothing, finery, folk-style cloth, etc.
The Ethnographic Museum
The ethnographic museum represents an old house from the end of the nineteenth century. It belonged to a rich family. Its interior reveals the customs and culture of the people inhabiting that part of the country; premises typical of Dobroudja houses, tools from the culture and the daily round of the people. The building is surrounded by a wonderful garden full of mulberry trees, peonies and tulips.
The Churches
The "Saint George" church is built in the year 1836 and the „The Assu" in 1860. Both churches played an important role during the Ottoman rule and after the Liberation as educational and cultural centers.
The old fountains
These were 12 spring fountains situated along the valley to the port. A part of them were destroyed and the rest were restored recently. The great amount of spring water forms a small river.
The lay of the land is flat. The picturesque seacoast of Kavarna is 42 km long. Along it there are small beaches. On Kavarna's seacoast is built an artificial beach. Gore Chirakman with its almost sheer slopes towers above the seacoast . On its flat plateau can be found remains from stronghold walls, moats, buildings, churches, necropolises, etc. The region is rich in mineral waters. The area around Kavarna offers splendid opportunities for developing ecotourism in all its forms and specialized tourism – examining and photographing plants, dolphins and different kinds of fish in the coastal waters. Bird lovers will be left with great impressions throughout the whole year. The great variety of birds attracts tourists from all parts of the world and contributes to Kaliakra and Jailata becoming one of the most preferred places in Bulgaria for developing of ornithological tourism.
Kavarna is attractive not only as a tourist center, but with its long history as a historical center too. Many archaeological expeditions take place and the finds from the underwater expeditions entice foreign scientists and experts too. For more than three years now in the region research has been conducted by scientists from France and Italy.
The town was founded in the fifth century BC by Greek colonials who settled on the Chirakman plateau in the colony called Byzone (or Bizone). During the third and second century BC the town played an important mediating role between the local settlements and the Greeks. Despite being unsuitable for wharfing because of its rocky coasts, the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast was an attractive center, due to the fact that the local people produced and traded with corn of high quality. During the second part of the first century BC the ancient town fell in the sea because of a disastrous earthquake. The frontal part of the Chirakman broke off and together with the richest citizens fell into the Black Sea's waters. During the Roman period the town was restored under the same name and quickly flourished, the settlement revived and the port brightened up. During the seventh century the Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians destroyed the town and founded the settlement of Karvuna. During the Middle Ages the town developed vastly becoming the center of the Principality of Karvuna that ruled all of Dobruja. During the 13th and 14th centuries, Karvuna reached its greatest blossoming under the rule of the Dobruja despots Balik and Dobrotitsa. The town came under sway of the expanding Ottoman Empire and was mentioned for the first time with its current name in the beginning of the 15th century. During the Ottoman invasions the town was almost destroyed, but during the second part of the 17th century it was rebuilt. The town was considered the economical and cultural center during the Ancient Times and the Middle Ages with rich and carious remains – stronghold walls, early-Christian basilica, medieval churches, and public buildings.
Here are found interesting works of art – coins from different historical epochs, golden adornments, golden Thracian treasure of applications, etc. During the fifteenth and nineteenth century the town becomes popular under the name Kavarna, as Christian settlement and port for grain. From that time remained a Turkish bath, a medieval necropolis, a bridge, fountains, Christian churches and many writings. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 Kavarna's inhabitants rebelled against the bashi-bazouks and Circassian hordes. After the liberation the town became part of Principality of Bulgaria. From the beginning of twentieth century Kavarna achieved a rapped progress as an economical and cultural center, interrupted in 1913 when the town went under Romanian rule. The Bulgarian population opposed to the assimilatory politics of the Romanian authorities by active civic activities of the church and library. In 1940 the town was ultimately taken back and belongs to Bulgaria.
The leader of the finished first part of the underwater archaeological expedition "Kavarna'2005" Asen Salkin announced that the Roman town of Bizone has sunk two times in the sea. For that evidence the located form skin-divers borders of à sunk residential district of the town of Bizone in the Kavarna's coast. For the presence of residential buildings the archaeologists judge by the found ashlars and parts of brick walls. The finds date from the II century AD. According to the leader of the expedition this residential district has nothing in common with the disastrous earthquake from the I century BC. The underwater finds evidence for other phenomenon, for which the scientists express only suppositions. It's about transgression and regression of the strata. It has started to transgress during the first century AD and this has continued to the second century. Maybe during this period the coast has risen by 4 meters and one day it has suddenly has fallen through and the coastal residential districts of Bizone landed under the water.
The Display Dobroudja and the Sea
The display is a small maritime museum. It is situated in an approximately restored Turkish bath – The Hamam. It is built in the beginning of the fifteenth century and represents a massive beehive bath from stone. It is situated it the beginning of the valley, leading to the port, and half a kilometer apart from the town center. Many stone anchors, amphorae and ceramics, found during the underwater archaeological expeditions, are exposed there. In the hall "Treasure-house" can be seen coins from different epochs, golden Thracian treasure, etc. The ancient and medieval color painting expend our concepts for the ancient navigation around the Dobroudja's coasts.
The Town Museum
It is found in the building of the local library. In its exposition are displayed materials, revealing the thousand-year old history of the town. Here are represented evidences for the life of the people, living in the region form ancient times until nowadays. A model of prehistoric cave-dwellings, many tools, guns, rifles and pistols from the liberation war as well as ethnographic materials – clothing, finery, folk-style cloth, etc.
The Ethnographic Museum
The ethnographic museum represents an old house from the end of the nineteenth century. It belonged to a rich family. Its interior reveals the customs and culture of the people inhabiting that part of the country; premises typical of Dobroudja houses, tools from the culture and the daily round of the people. The building is surrounded by a wonderful garden full of mulberry trees, peonies and tulips.
The Churches
The "Saint George" church is built in the year 1836 and the „The Assu" in 1860. Both churches played an important role during the Ottoman rule and after the Liberation as educational and cultural centers.
The old fountains
These were 12 spring fountains situated along the valley to the port. A part of them were destroyed and the rest were restored recently. The great amount of spring water forms a small river.
Chapi