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Izmir
KNOWLEDGE OF Izmir
Ä°zmir (Greek ΣμÏ?Ï?νη, older English form Smyrna), the third most populous city of Turkey and the country's largest port after Ä°stanbul, is located on the Aegean Sea near the Gulf of Ä°zmir. It is the capital of Ä°zmir Province. Its population was 2,409,000 in 2000 and 3,500,000 in 2005.
The 5000-year-old city, is one of the oldest cities of the Mediterranean basin. The original city was established in the third millennium B.C. (at present day Bayraklı, Karsiyaka), at which time it shared with Troy the most advanced culture in Anatolia. By 1500 BC it had fallen under the influence of Central Anatolian Hittite Empire. Greek settlement is attested by the presence of pottery dating from about 1000 BC. According to the famous Greek historian Herodotus (from Halicarnassus, modern-day Bodrum) the city was first established by the Aeolians, but shortly thereafter seized by the Ionians who developed it into one of the world's largest cultural and commercial centers of that period.
The original Myrrha was founded on an island at the northeast of the bay. During the recent centuries, Bornova Plain had been formed with the silt that was brought by torrents of River Meles from Mount Yamanlar (Sipylos) and the peninsula finally transformed into a hill. (A sample vineyard of Ä°zmir Wine and Beer Factory of TEKEL Management is located on this hill called Tepekule.)
Although the first habitation of ancient Smyrna known to be dated from long before 3000 BC, excavations could only go back to 3000 B.C. In the light of the excavations, it is known that the first settlements were founded at the top of the hill at 3-5m high from sea level. This first settlement was dated from Ancient Bronze Age.
Hittites were using the writing (in 1800 to 1200 BC) in Anatolia, which helped to reach the historic ages. However, in 1200s BC, the tribes coming from Balkans demolished Troy VII and Hattusas, the capital of Hittites. With this, a Dark Age during the Iron Age restarted in Middle and West Anatolia. The Iron Age continued until writing was rediscovered in 730 BC in Phrygia and in 650 BC in the rest of the Middle and West Anatolia.
During the Iron Age the houses were huge, small, one roomed buildings. The oldest house that has been finally brought to daylight is dated at 925 to 900 BC The walls of this well-preserved one roomed house (2, 45 x 4 m) were all made of sun-dried bricks and the roof of the house was made of reeds.
People started to protect their hometown with thick ramparts made of sun-dried bricks. From now on Smyrna achieved an identity of city-state. A man called Baseleus was most probably in charge of the city. Migrants and bigwigs constituted the noble class. The population living inside the city walls were approximately a thousand people. The public of city-state was living in near-by villages. The fields, olive trees, vineyards, and the workshops of potters and stonecutters of ancient Smyrna were all located in those villages. People made their living on agriculture and fishing.
The İzmir International Fair (İIF), the only member of the Union of International Fairs in Turkey, was held on an area of 421,000m2. In accordance with the rapid and dramatic developments in Turkish economy, İIF has been organising various national and international specialized fairs for years. İIF also made great contributions to İzmir’s social and cultural life with its fair ground, open-air theatre, Painting and Sculpture Museum, art centers, amusement park, zoo and parachute tower.
İzmir Bird's Paradise located 15 km west of Karşıyaka, has 205 species of birds. There are 63 species of domestic birds, 54 species of summer migratory birds, 43 species of winter migratory birds, 30 spices of transit birds. 56 spices of birds have been breeding in the Park. İzmir Bird's Paradise which covers 80 square kilometres was registered as "The protected area for water birds and for their breeding" by Ministry of Forestry in 1982.
İzmir’s cuisine has largely been affected by its multicultural history, hence the large variety of food originating from the Aegean, Mediterranean and Anatolian regions. Another factor is the large area of land surrounding the region which grows a rich selection of vegetables. Some of the common dishes found here are tarhana soup (made from dried yoghurt and tomatoes), İzmir meatballs, keskek (boiled wheat with meat) zerde (sweetened rice with saffron) and mucver (made from squash and eggs).
The 5000-year-old city, is one of the oldest cities of the Mediterranean basin. The original city was established in the third millennium B.C. (at present day Bayraklı, Karsiyaka), at which time it shared with Troy the most advanced culture in Anatolia. By 1500 BC it had fallen under the influence of Central Anatolian Hittite Empire. Greek settlement is attested by the presence of pottery dating from about 1000 BC. According to the famous Greek historian Herodotus (from Halicarnassus, modern-day Bodrum) the city was first established by the Aeolians, but shortly thereafter seized by the Ionians who developed it into one of the world's largest cultural and commercial centers of that period.
The original Myrrha was founded on an island at the northeast of the bay. During the recent centuries, Bornova Plain had been formed with the silt that was brought by torrents of River Meles from Mount Yamanlar (Sipylos) and the peninsula finally transformed into a hill. (A sample vineyard of Ä°zmir Wine and Beer Factory of TEKEL Management is located on this hill called Tepekule.)
Although the first habitation of ancient Smyrna known to be dated from long before 3000 BC, excavations could only go back to 3000 B.C. In the light of the excavations, it is known that the first settlements were founded at the top of the hill at 3-5m high from sea level. This first settlement was dated from Ancient Bronze Age.
Hittites were using the writing (in 1800 to 1200 BC) in Anatolia, which helped to reach the historic ages. However, in 1200s BC, the tribes coming from Balkans demolished Troy VII and Hattusas, the capital of Hittites. With this, a Dark Age during the Iron Age restarted in Middle and West Anatolia. The Iron Age continued until writing was rediscovered in 730 BC in Phrygia and in 650 BC in the rest of the Middle and West Anatolia.
During the Iron Age the houses were huge, small, one roomed buildings. The oldest house that has been finally brought to daylight is dated at 925 to 900 BC The walls of this well-preserved one roomed house (2, 45 x 4 m) were all made of sun-dried bricks and the roof of the house was made of reeds.
People started to protect their hometown with thick ramparts made of sun-dried bricks. From now on Smyrna achieved an identity of city-state. A man called Baseleus was most probably in charge of the city. Migrants and bigwigs constituted the noble class. The population living inside the city walls were approximately a thousand people. The public of city-state was living in near-by villages. The fields, olive trees, vineyards, and the workshops of potters and stonecutters of ancient Smyrna were all located in those villages. People made their living on agriculture and fishing.
The İzmir International Fair (İIF), the only member of the Union of International Fairs in Turkey, was held on an area of 421,000m2. In accordance with the rapid and dramatic developments in Turkish economy, İIF has been organising various national and international specialized fairs for years. İIF also made great contributions to İzmir’s social and cultural life with its fair ground, open-air theatre, Painting and Sculpture Museum, art centers, amusement park, zoo and parachute tower.
İzmir Bird's Paradise located 15 km west of Karşıyaka, has 205 species of birds. There are 63 species of domestic birds, 54 species of summer migratory birds, 43 species of winter migratory birds, 30 spices of transit birds. 56 spices of birds have been breeding in the Park. İzmir Bird's Paradise which covers 80 square kilometres was registered as "The protected area for water birds and for their breeding" by Ministry of Forestry in 1982.
İzmir’s cuisine has largely been affected by its multicultural history, hence the large variety of food originating from the Aegean, Mediterranean and Anatolian regions. Another factor is the large area of land surrounding the region which grows a rich selection of vegetables. Some of the common dishes found here are tarhana soup (made from dried yoghurt and tomatoes), İzmir meatballs, keskek (boiled wheat with meat) zerde (sweetened rice with saffron) and mucver (made from squash and eggs).
Chapi