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Iasi
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Iaşi (also known outside Romania as Jassy) is a city and a county in north-eastern Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia.
The city of Iaşi lies on the Bahlui river, a tributary of the Prut river. The surrounding country is one of uplands and woods, among which rise the monasteries of Cetăţuia, Frumoasa, and Galata with its mineral springs, and the dendrologic park of Repedea. Iaşi itself stands pleasantly amid vineyards and gardens, partly on two hills, partly in the hollow between. Between 1565 and 1859, the city was the capital of Moldavia; then, between 1859 and 1862, both Iaşi and Bucharest were de-facto capitals of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1862, when the union of the two principalities was recognized under the name of Rumania (Romania), the capital of the country was established at Bucharest. Iaşi was to become the capital of Romania, again, for two years during World War I. Iaşi is an outstanding educational centre, and preserves some beautiful pieces of architecture, such as the Trei Ierarhi Church and the neo-Gothic Palace of Culture. Almost all buildings in the old city centre were demolished during Communist times, with unsightly Soviet-style blocks of flats built in their stead.
Around 1564, Prince Alexandru Lăpuşneanu moved the Moldavian capital from Suceava to Iaşi. Between 1561 and 1563, an excellent school and a Lutheran church were founded by the Greek adventurer, Jacob Basilicus. In 1640, Vasile Lupu established the first school in which the mother-tongue replaced Greek, and set up a printing press in the Byzantine church of the Three Hierarchs (built 1635–39). In 1643, the first printed book published in Moldavia was issued. Iaşi was burned down by the Tatars in 1513, by the Turks in 1538, by the Russians in 1686, and in 1734, the city suffered from a plague.
By the Peace of Iaşi the second Russo-Turkish War was brought to a close in 1792. A Greek insurrection under Alexander Ypsilanti in 1821 led to the storming of the city by the Turks in 1822. In 1844 there was a severe conflagration.
For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest the constituent assembly voted 148,150 lei to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made.
Its primitive houses of timber and plaster were mostly swept away after 1860, when brick or stone came into general use, and good streets were cut among the network of narrow, insanitary lanes.
During World War I, Iaşi was the capital of Romania for two years, following the German occupation of Bucharest on 6 December 1916. The capital was returned to Bucharest after it was liberated in November 1918.
In May 1944, Iaşi became the scene of ferocious fighting between the Romanian-German axis forces and the advancing Soviets. The elite German Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland won an impressive defensive victory at the Battle of Târgul Frumos, a location near Iaşi. The battle was the object of several NATO studies during the Cold War. By July, Iaşi had been taken by Soviet forces.
Iaşi is the seat of the metropolitan of Moldavia, and of a Roman Catholic archbishopry. There are more than 40 churches. The oldest church is Saint Nicholas which date from the reign of Stephen the Great (1457-1504); perhaps the finest, however, are the 17th century old metropolitan, St Spiridion (the end of the 18th century) and Trei Ierarhi, the last a curious example of Byzantine art, erected in 1639 or 1640 by Vasile Lupu, and adorned with countless gilded carvings on its outer walls and twin towers. Other beautiful churches, surrounded by big walls, are: Galata (1581), Golia (17th century), Cetatuia (the end of the 17th century) and Frumoasa (18th century). One of the most beautiful buildings is the Palace of Culture, a neogothic style building erected in the first two decades of the 20th century. It is the site of four museums (History, Technical, Ethnographical and Art museums).
Iaşi is home to the oldest Romanian university ("Al. I. Cuza" University of Iaşi), opened by Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza in 1860. Nowadays the city hosts five universities. Iaşi is widely regarded as the cultural "heart" of the "Old Kingdom" (that is Moldavia and Wallachia, the basis of the first Romanian state).
A society of physicians and naturalists has existed in Iaşi since the early part of the 19th century, and a number of periodicals are published. One of the oldest medical universities in Romania is in Iaşi, which was founded in 1879. It is now known as University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Gr.T. Popa", Iaşi. It is known after an Anatomy Professor, Grigore T. Popa.
The city of Iaşi lies on the Bahlui river, a tributary of the Prut river. The surrounding country is one of uplands and woods, among which rise the monasteries of Cetăţuia, Frumoasa, and Galata with its mineral springs, and the dendrologic park of Repedea. Iaşi itself stands pleasantly amid vineyards and gardens, partly on two hills, partly in the hollow between. Between 1565 and 1859, the city was the capital of Moldavia; then, between 1859 and 1862, both Iaşi and Bucharest were de-facto capitals of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1862, when the union of the two principalities was recognized under the name of Rumania (Romania), the capital of the country was established at Bucharest. Iaşi was to become the capital of Romania, again, for two years during World War I. Iaşi is an outstanding educational centre, and preserves some beautiful pieces of architecture, such as the Trei Ierarhi Church and the neo-Gothic Palace of Culture. Almost all buildings in the old city centre were demolished during Communist times, with unsightly Soviet-style blocks of flats built in their stead.
Around 1564, Prince Alexandru Lăpuşneanu moved the Moldavian capital from Suceava to Iaşi. Between 1561 and 1563, an excellent school and a Lutheran church were founded by the Greek adventurer, Jacob Basilicus. In 1640, Vasile Lupu established the first school in which the mother-tongue replaced Greek, and set up a printing press in the Byzantine church of the Three Hierarchs (built 1635–39). In 1643, the first printed book published in Moldavia was issued. Iaşi was burned down by the Tatars in 1513, by the Turks in 1538, by the Russians in 1686, and in 1734, the city suffered from a plague.
By the Peace of Iaşi the second Russo-Turkish War was brought to a close in 1792. A Greek insurrection under Alexander Ypsilanti in 1821 led to the storming of the city by the Turks in 1822. In 1844 there was a severe conflagration.
For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest the constituent assembly voted 148,150 lei to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made.
Its primitive houses of timber and plaster were mostly swept away after 1860, when brick or stone came into general use, and good streets were cut among the network of narrow, insanitary lanes.
During World War I, Iaşi was the capital of Romania for two years, following the German occupation of Bucharest on 6 December 1916. The capital was returned to Bucharest after it was liberated in November 1918.
In May 1944, Iaşi became the scene of ferocious fighting between the Romanian-German axis forces and the advancing Soviets. The elite German Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland won an impressive defensive victory at the Battle of Târgul Frumos, a location near Iaşi. The battle was the object of several NATO studies during the Cold War. By July, Iaşi had been taken by Soviet forces.
Iaşi is the seat of the metropolitan of Moldavia, and of a Roman Catholic archbishopry. There are more than 40 churches. The oldest church is Saint Nicholas which date from the reign of Stephen the Great (1457-1504); perhaps the finest, however, are the 17th century old metropolitan, St Spiridion (the end of the 18th century) and Trei Ierarhi, the last a curious example of Byzantine art, erected in 1639 or 1640 by Vasile Lupu, and adorned with countless gilded carvings on its outer walls and twin towers. Other beautiful churches, surrounded by big walls, are: Galata (1581), Golia (17th century), Cetatuia (the end of the 17th century) and Frumoasa (18th century). One of the most beautiful buildings is the Palace of Culture, a neogothic style building erected in the first two decades of the 20th century. It is the site of four museums (History, Technical, Ethnographical and Art museums).
Iaşi is home to the oldest Romanian university ("Al. I. Cuza" University of Iaşi), opened by Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza in 1860. Nowadays the city hosts five universities. Iaşi is widely regarded as the cultural "heart" of the "Old Kingdom" (that is Moldavia and Wallachia, the basis of the first Romanian state).
A society of physicians and naturalists has existed in Iaşi since the early part of the 19th century, and a number of periodicals are published. One of the oldest medical universities in Romania is in Iaşi, which was founded in 1879. It is now known as University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Gr.T. Popa", Iaşi. It is known after an Anatomy Professor, Grigore T. Popa.
Chapi