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Doboj
KNOWLEDGE OF Doboj
The first mention of the town dates from year 1415, although there are signs that the area was inhabited ever since the early stone age, and that the Roman Empire had an army camp (Castrum) and a settlement (Canube) in the vicinity dating from the 1st century. Following the arrival of the Slavs, during the Middle Ages it was part of the regions Usora and Soli.
The Doboj fort, first built in the early 13th century and expanded in the 15th century, fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1476, only to be expanded yet again in 1490. As such, it was frequently attacked in the Austrian-Ottoman wars, and finally fell to the Habsburgs in 1878.
During World War I, Doboj was the site of the largest Austro-Hungarian concentration camp for Serbs. According to its official figures, it held, between December 27, 1915 and July 5, 1917:
16,673 men from Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly of Serb ethnicity)
16,996 women and children from Bosnia and Herzegovina (also Serbian)
9,172 soldiers and civilians (men, women, children) from the Kingdom of Serbia
2,950 soldiers and civilians from the Kingdom of Montenegro
In total, 45,791 persons.
By February 1916, the authorities began redirecting the prisoners to other camps. The Serbs from Bosnia were mostly sent to Győr (Sopronyek, Šopronjek/Шопроњек).
Most of the interned from Bosnia were whole families from the border regions of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is said that 5,000 families alone were uprooted from the Sarajevo district in eastern Bosnia along the border with the Kingdoms of Serbia & Montenegro.
Nobel-laureate Ivo Andrić was also an inmate of the camp.
During World War II, Doboj was an important site for the partisan resistance movement. From their initial uprising in August 1941 up until the end of the war, the Ozren partisan squad carried out numerous diversions against the occupation forces, among the first successful operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The town was liberated on April 17, 1945.
Prior to the Yugoslav wars, the Doboj district was inhabited by 102,519 people. There were 41,241 Bosniaks (40.2%), 40,020 Serbs (39%), 13,283 Croats (13%), 5,637 Yugoslavs (5.5%) and 2,338 others (2.3%). The majority of non-Serb population fled the Serb-held municipal area during the war in Bosnia, while the town saw a huge influx of Serb refugees from the surrounding Bosniak-held areas, much of the migrations being the cases of ethnic cleansing. This effectively changed the area's demographic creating ethinically monolitical areas dominated by Serbs in the RS, and mainly Bosniaks in the neighboring Federation municipalities. Croat-populated parts of the pre-war Doboj municipality and the municipality of Tesanj, both of which have been in the Federation since 1992, have been consolidated into the municipality of Usora. Usora, a historic local toponym, is also a suburb of Doboj and the nearby river.
It is relevant to note that figures above pertain to the pre-war municipality of which parts are in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and are predominantly Bosniak (namely the Federation municipalities of Doboj Istok and Doboj Jug which are over 95% Bosniak, and Usora, which is Croat), which reduces the figures pertaining to the number of Bosniaks and Croats in the territory of the municipality within the boundaries of the Republika Srpska (to around 25 thousand Bosniaks and around 9 thousand Croats).
With the overwhelming Bosniak return (around 15,000 in 2001, according to the UNHCR figures) to the municipal area in the RS as well as the near perfect completion of the process of property reposessions, it is safe to say that Doboj is one of the biggest successes in Bosniak returns and returns overall in Bosnia. In addition, the numbers have increased further since 2001. These processes have been ascertained by UNHCR, OSCE and the Office of the High Representative.
The Doboj fort, first built in the early 13th century and expanded in the 15th century, fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1476, only to be expanded yet again in 1490. As such, it was frequently attacked in the Austrian-Ottoman wars, and finally fell to the Habsburgs in 1878.
During World War I, Doboj was the site of the largest Austro-Hungarian concentration camp for Serbs. According to its official figures, it held, between December 27, 1915 and July 5, 1917:
16,673 men from Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly of Serb ethnicity)
16,996 women and children from Bosnia and Herzegovina (also Serbian)
9,172 soldiers and civilians (men, women, children) from the Kingdom of Serbia
2,950 soldiers and civilians from the Kingdom of Montenegro
In total, 45,791 persons.
By February 1916, the authorities began redirecting the prisoners to other camps. The Serbs from Bosnia were mostly sent to Győr (Sopronyek, Šopronjek/Шопроњек).
Most of the interned from Bosnia were whole families from the border regions of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is said that 5,000 families alone were uprooted from the Sarajevo district in eastern Bosnia along the border with the Kingdoms of Serbia & Montenegro.
Nobel-laureate Ivo Andrić was also an inmate of the camp.
During World War II, Doboj was an important site for the partisan resistance movement. From their initial uprising in August 1941 up until the end of the war, the Ozren partisan squad carried out numerous diversions against the occupation forces, among the first successful operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The town was liberated on April 17, 1945.
Prior to the Yugoslav wars, the Doboj district was inhabited by 102,519 people. There were 41,241 Bosniaks (40.2%), 40,020 Serbs (39%), 13,283 Croats (13%), 5,637 Yugoslavs (5.5%) and 2,338 others (2.3%). The majority of non-Serb population fled the Serb-held municipal area during the war in Bosnia, while the town saw a huge influx of Serb refugees from the surrounding Bosniak-held areas, much of the migrations being the cases of ethnic cleansing. This effectively changed the area's demographic creating ethinically monolitical areas dominated by Serbs in the RS, and mainly Bosniaks in the neighboring Federation municipalities. Croat-populated parts of the pre-war Doboj municipality and the municipality of Tesanj, both of which have been in the Federation since 1992, have been consolidated into the municipality of Usora. Usora, a historic local toponym, is also a suburb of Doboj and the nearby river.
It is relevant to note that figures above pertain to the pre-war municipality of which parts are in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and are predominantly Bosniak (namely the Federation municipalities of Doboj Istok and Doboj Jug which are over 95% Bosniak, and Usora, which is Croat), which reduces the figures pertaining to the number of Bosniaks and Croats in the territory of the municipality within the boundaries of the Republika Srpska (to around 25 thousand Bosniaks and around 9 thousand Croats).
With the overwhelming Bosniak return (around 15,000 in 2001, according to the UNHCR figures) to the municipal area in the RS as well as the near perfect completion of the process of property reposessions, it is safe to say that Doboj is one of the biggest successes in Bosniak returns and returns overall in Bosnia. In addition, the numbers have increased further since 2001. These processes have been ascertained by UNHCR, OSCE and the Office of the High Representative.
Chapi