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Dalian
KNOWLEDGE OF Dalian
Even though China’s history wanders back to 2200 BC, Dalian’s chronological record of events remains murky at best. The earliest mention of the area came in 108 BC when Emperor Han Wudi, part of the 400 year reign of the popular and productive Han Dynasty, established a shipping line between the Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula to the south. The next mention of Dalian came in 1371 when troops under the Tang Dynasty, coined the area "Lion Mouth" due to its relative inaccessibility.
Over the next 500 years, little was recorded of Dalian. Most of China’s military and cultural happenings occurred in and around Shanghai and Beijing. Dalian, meanwhile, remained in dormant isolation as a slumbering fishing village. It was first internationally recognized in 1856 during China’s Arrow War (Second Opium War) with Great Britain. An English gunboat guided by Captain William C. Arthur chugged into Lushun Harbor, just south of Dalian, and was so impressed he dubbed it Port Arthur. England’s acknowledgement of the area awakened the ruling Manchu government to Dalian’s military potential. In the subsequent years a series of forts were strategically garrisoned throughout the hills that surrounded Dalian Bay and Port Arthur.
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894, which detonated over claims to Korea, ended in wretched defeat for China. Under the harsh terms of the resulting Shimonoseki Treaty, China was cuffed with stiff indemnities and forced to surrender Taiwan, the Pescadores Islands, and both Dalian and nearby Port Arthur to Japan. However, seven months later, Japan, under extreme international pressure from France, Germany, and Russia, reluctantly ceded Dalian and Port Arthur back to China.
Russia, meanwhile, was desperate for an ice-free port during winter and covertly brokered a deal with China. In exchange for helping pay off China’s war reparations incurred during the Sino-Japanese War, Russia was allowed to "rent" Dalian. From 1898 through 1904 Russia, much to Japan’s vexation, occupied Dalian. It was during this stint that Dalian, or Dalny as the Russian’s renamed it, elevated from an innocuous fishing village into a major industrial center. Shipping, smelting, brewing, and timber industries mushroomed under Russian jurisdiction. The South Manchurian Railroad chugged into town too, connecting Dalian to the Trans-Siberian Railway and providing broader inland demands for its bounty of resources.
Over the next 500 years, little was recorded of Dalian. Most of China’s military and cultural happenings occurred in and around Shanghai and Beijing. Dalian, meanwhile, remained in dormant isolation as a slumbering fishing village. It was first internationally recognized in 1856 during China’s Arrow War (Second Opium War) with Great Britain. An English gunboat guided by Captain William C. Arthur chugged into Lushun Harbor, just south of Dalian, and was so impressed he dubbed it Port Arthur. England’s acknowledgement of the area awakened the ruling Manchu government to Dalian’s military potential. In the subsequent years a series of forts were strategically garrisoned throughout the hills that surrounded Dalian Bay and Port Arthur.
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894, which detonated over claims to Korea, ended in wretched defeat for China. Under the harsh terms of the resulting Shimonoseki Treaty, China was cuffed with stiff indemnities and forced to surrender Taiwan, the Pescadores Islands, and both Dalian and nearby Port Arthur to Japan. However, seven months later, Japan, under extreme international pressure from France, Germany, and Russia, reluctantly ceded Dalian and Port Arthur back to China.
Russia, meanwhile, was desperate for an ice-free port during winter and covertly brokered a deal with China. In exchange for helping pay off China’s war reparations incurred during the Sino-Japanese War, Russia was allowed to "rent" Dalian. From 1898 through 1904 Russia, much to Japan’s vexation, occupied Dalian. It was during this stint that Dalian, or Dalny as the Russian’s renamed it, elevated from an innocuous fishing village into a major industrial center. Shipping, smelting, brewing, and timber industries mushroomed under Russian jurisdiction. The South Manchurian Railroad chugged into town too, connecting Dalian to the Trans-Siberian Railway and providing broader inland demands for its bounty of resources.
Chapi