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Carlisle
KNOWLEDGE OF Carlisle
Carlisle is a city in the extreme north west of England, some 10 miles from the border with Scotland. It is part of the City of Carlisle local government district, and acts as the administrative centre for both the district and Cumbria. It is the traditional county town of Cumberland. The population of the urban area of Carlisle was 71,773 according to the 2001 census, with about 100,000 living in the wider district.
The Romans called their settlement on the site of today's city Luguvalio: the place of Luguvalos (a Celtic personal name). Shortened over time to just leol and prefixed by the British ca(e)r (meaning "fortress"), the city's name was recorded in 1106 as Carleol. The modern Welsh language form is Caerliwelydd.
Carlisle has a compact, historic centre, including a fine castle, unique museum, excellent cathedral, and semi-intact city walls. The former law courts or citadel towers which now serve as offices for Cumbria County Council are also of architectural interest.
Because Carlisle was the last English town before the Scottish border, in the days when the two countries were separate kingdoms, it developed importance as a military stronghold, and Carlisle Castle is still relatively intact. Built in 1092 by William Rufus, and having once served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots, it still houses The King's Own Royal Border Regiment. Because of the frequently changing position of the Anglo-Scottish border during the Wars of Independence, Carlisle has a distinct Scottish ambiance, despite being in England.
The Tullie House Museum, an award-winning museum, tells the story of the Border country, including much material on Hadrian's Wall, the Roman defensive structure the course of which runs through the Stanwix area of the city, and many items of Roman architecture. It also features an exhibit explaining the history of the Border Reivers, from whose violent exploits arose the term bereaved. http://www.borderreivers.co.uk/ Tullie House used to house an excellent lending and reference library, but that has now been placed on the upper level of The Lanes.(The Lanes are Carlisle's main shopping area in the centre of the city). Carlisle cathedral has the largest east window of any cathedral in Europe, but the western end of the cathedral was demolished by Oliver Cromwell to shore up the castle. Carlisle also has a first-class racetrack, located to the south of the city centre.
In 1916, during World War I, the government took over all the pubs and the main brewery in the city because of endemic drunkeness among munitions workers at nearby Gretna. This experiment in nationalised brewing known first as the Carlisle Board of Control then after the war the Carlisle & District State Management Scheme lasted until 1971.
Carlisle is an ancient city, and the seat of the diocese to which it gives name. It is situated on a slight rise, in the Cumberland Ward, at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew, and Petteril.
An important centre for trade, it is located 56 miles W of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 71 miles N of Lancaster, 90 miles S of Glasgow, 93 miles SE of Edinburgh, 119 miles NW of York, and 300 miles NNW of London, at 54 deg. 52 min. north latitude, and 2 deg. 50 min. west longitude.
The city is linked to the rest of England via the M6 motorway towards the South, and the M74/A74 towards Glasgow and the North. As well as these routes, many important trunk roads either begin or terminate in Carlisle, including the A6 to Penrith (historically the main road south), the A595 to western Cumbria, the A69 to Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the A7 to Edinburgh. In addition, Carlisle is a principal station on the West Coast main railway line.
In January 2005 Carlisle was hit by strong gales and heavy rain, and on Saturday 8 January 2005 all roads into the city were closed due to severe flooding, the worst since 1822, which caused three deaths. Hundreds of people still have not been allowed back into their homes.
The Romans called their settlement on the site of today's city Luguvalio: the place of Luguvalos (a Celtic personal name). Shortened over time to just leol and prefixed by the British ca(e)r (meaning "fortress"), the city's name was recorded in 1106 as Carleol. The modern Welsh language form is Caerliwelydd.
Carlisle has a compact, historic centre, including a fine castle, unique museum, excellent cathedral, and semi-intact city walls. The former law courts or citadel towers which now serve as offices for Cumbria County Council are also of architectural interest.
Because Carlisle was the last English town before the Scottish border, in the days when the two countries were separate kingdoms, it developed importance as a military stronghold, and Carlisle Castle is still relatively intact. Built in 1092 by William Rufus, and having once served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots, it still houses The King's Own Royal Border Regiment. Because of the frequently changing position of the Anglo-Scottish border during the Wars of Independence, Carlisle has a distinct Scottish ambiance, despite being in England.
The Tullie House Museum, an award-winning museum, tells the story of the Border country, including much material on Hadrian's Wall, the Roman defensive structure the course of which runs through the Stanwix area of the city, and many items of Roman architecture. It also features an exhibit explaining the history of the Border Reivers, from whose violent exploits arose the term bereaved. http://www.borderreivers.co.uk/ Tullie House used to house an excellent lending and reference library, but that has now been placed on the upper level of The Lanes.(The Lanes are Carlisle's main shopping area in the centre of the city). Carlisle cathedral has the largest east window of any cathedral in Europe, but the western end of the cathedral was demolished by Oliver Cromwell to shore up the castle. Carlisle also has a first-class racetrack, located to the south of the city centre.
In 1916, during World War I, the government took over all the pubs and the main brewery in the city because of endemic drunkeness among munitions workers at nearby Gretna. This experiment in nationalised brewing known first as the Carlisle Board of Control then after the war the Carlisle & District State Management Scheme lasted until 1971.
Carlisle is an ancient city, and the seat of the diocese to which it gives name. It is situated on a slight rise, in the Cumberland Ward, at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew, and Petteril.
An important centre for trade, it is located 56 miles W of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 71 miles N of Lancaster, 90 miles S of Glasgow, 93 miles SE of Edinburgh, 119 miles NW of York, and 300 miles NNW of London, at 54 deg. 52 min. north latitude, and 2 deg. 50 min. west longitude.
The city is linked to the rest of England via the M6 motorway towards the South, and the M74/A74 towards Glasgow and the North. As well as these routes, many important trunk roads either begin or terminate in Carlisle, including the A6 to Penrith (historically the main road south), the A595 to western Cumbria, the A69 to Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the A7 to Edinburgh. In addition, Carlisle is a principal station on the West Coast main railway line.
In January 2005 Carlisle was hit by strong gales and heavy rain, and on Saturday 8 January 2005 all roads into the city were closed due to severe flooding, the worst since 1822, which caused three deaths. Hundreds of people still have not been allowed back into their homes.
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