EVERYTHING WHAT YOU NEEDTO DREAM...
Iran >
Abadan
KNOWLEDGE OF Abadan
Abadan (آبادان in Persian) is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran (Persia). It lies on Abadan Island, on the Arvand river. In 2005 the population was estimated to be at 1,291,690.
In medieval sources and up to the present century, the name of the Island always occurs in the Arabic form 'Abadan(ﻥïº?ﺩﺎﺒﻋ). This name has sometimes been derived from the word worshiper(ﺩﺎﺒﻋ). On the other hand, Beladori(d.892) quotes the story that the town was founded by 'Abbad bin Hosayn Khabethi, who established a garrison there during the governorship of Hajjaj in the Ummayad period. An Iranian etymology of the name (from the Persian word "ab" (water) and the root "pÄ?" (guard, watch) thus "coastguard station"), was suggested by B. Farahvashi. Supporting evidence is the name "Apphana" which Ptolemy applies to an island off the mouth of The Tigris. The Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935 (see Abadan, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, pp.51-52). The geographer Marcian also renders the name "Apphadana" in his writings (see Geographia Marciani Heracleotae, ed. David Hoeschel, Augsburg 1600 p48).
Abadan is thought to have originally developed as a port city under the Abbasids' rule. From 17th century onward, the Island of Abadan was part of the lands of the Arab Ka'ab (Bani Kaab) tribe. One section of this tribe, Mohaysen, had its headquarters at Mohammara(present-day Khorramshahr), until the removel of Shaikh Khaz'al Khan in 1924.
It was not until the 20th century that rich oil fields were discovered in the area. In 1910, the population had been around 400. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company built their first oil refinery in Abadan, starting in 1909 and completing it in 1913. By 1938, it was the largest in the world. To this day it remains a vast facility for refining petroleum.
Only a low 9 percent of managers (of the oil company) were from Khuzestan. The proportion of natives of Tehran, the Caspian, Azarbaijan and Kurdistan rose from 4 percent of blue collar workers to 22 percent of white collar workers to 45 percent of managers. Thus while Arabic speakers were concentrated on the lower rungs of the work force, managers tended to be brought in from some distance.
On August 20, 1978, the Cinema Rex, a movie theater in Abadan, was locked from the outside and set on fire, resulting in 430 deaths. To this day it is not entirely clear what happened, but it was believed by some that the government of the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi purposely set the theater ablaze to kill several dissidents who were hiding inside. This event sparked mass demonstrations against Pahlavi's government, which was overthrown six months later by Islamic fundamentalists and their supporters (see Iranian Revolution). Most more accurately accuse Ayatollah Ali Khamenei of committing this tragedy.
In September 1980, Abadan was almost overrun during a surprise attack on Khuzestan by Iraq, marking the beginning of the Iran-Iraq War. For 18 months Abadan was besieged, but never captured, by Iraqi forces. Much of the city, including the oil refinery, was badly damaged or destroyed by the siege and by bombing. Previous to the war, the city's civilian population was about 300,000, but before it was over most of the populous had sought refuge elsewhere in Iran.
After the war, the biggest concern was the rebuilding of Abadan's oil refinery. In 1993 the refinery began limited operation, and by 1997 it reached the same rate of production it was at before the war.
The Abadan Institute of Technology was established in Abadan in 1939. The school specialized in engineering and petroleum chemistry, and was designed to train staff for the refinery in town. The school's name has since changed several times, but since 1989 has been considered a branch campus of the Petroleum University of Technology, centered in Tehran.
There is an international airport in Abadan. It is represented by the IATA airport code ABD.
In medieval sources and up to the present century, the name of the Island always occurs in the Arabic form 'Abadan(ﻥïº?ﺩﺎﺒﻋ). This name has sometimes been derived from the word worshiper(ﺩﺎﺒﻋ). On the other hand, Beladori(d.892) quotes the story that the town was founded by 'Abbad bin Hosayn Khabethi, who established a garrison there during the governorship of Hajjaj in the Ummayad period. An Iranian etymology of the name (from the Persian word "ab" (water) and the root "pÄ?" (guard, watch) thus "coastguard station"), was suggested by B. Farahvashi. Supporting evidence is the name "Apphana" which Ptolemy applies to an island off the mouth of The Tigris. The Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935 (see Abadan, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, pp.51-52). The geographer Marcian also renders the name "Apphadana" in his writings (see Geographia Marciani Heracleotae, ed. David Hoeschel, Augsburg 1600 p48).
Abadan is thought to have originally developed as a port city under the Abbasids' rule. From 17th century onward, the Island of Abadan was part of the lands of the Arab Ka'ab (Bani Kaab) tribe. One section of this tribe, Mohaysen, had its headquarters at Mohammara(present-day Khorramshahr), until the removel of Shaikh Khaz'al Khan in 1924.
It was not until the 20th century that rich oil fields were discovered in the area. In 1910, the population had been around 400. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company built their first oil refinery in Abadan, starting in 1909 and completing it in 1913. By 1938, it was the largest in the world. To this day it remains a vast facility for refining petroleum.
Only a low 9 percent of managers (of the oil company) were from Khuzestan. The proportion of natives of Tehran, the Caspian, Azarbaijan and Kurdistan rose from 4 percent of blue collar workers to 22 percent of white collar workers to 45 percent of managers. Thus while Arabic speakers were concentrated on the lower rungs of the work force, managers tended to be brought in from some distance.
On August 20, 1978, the Cinema Rex, a movie theater in Abadan, was locked from the outside and set on fire, resulting in 430 deaths. To this day it is not entirely clear what happened, but it was believed by some that the government of the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi purposely set the theater ablaze to kill several dissidents who were hiding inside. This event sparked mass demonstrations against Pahlavi's government, which was overthrown six months later by Islamic fundamentalists and their supporters (see Iranian Revolution). Most more accurately accuse Ayatollah Ali Khamenei of committing this tragedy.
In September 1980, Abadan was almost overrun during a surprise attack on Khuzestan by Iraq, marking the beginning of the Iran-Iraq War. For 18 months Abadan was besieged, but never captured, by Iraqi forces. Much of the city, including the oil refinery, was badly damaged or destroyed by the siege and by bombing. Previous to the war, the city's civilian population was about 300,000, but before it was over most of the populous had sought refuge elsewhere in Iran.
After the war, the biggest concern was the rebuilding of Abadan's oil refinery. In 1993 the refinery began limited operation, and by 1997 it reached the same rate of production it was at before the war.
The Abadan Institute of Technology was established in Abadan in 1939. The school specialized in engineering and petroleum chemistry, and was designed to train staff for the refinery in town. The school's name has since changed several times, but since 1989 has been considered a branch campus of the Petroleum University of Technology, centered in Tehran.
There is an international airport in Abadan. It is represented by the IATA airport code ABD.
Alfred